sultan kingTwo such forms are monarchy and sultanate, represented by the King and Sultan respectively. While both titles hold snificant power and influence, they differ in terms of their orins, roles, succession, and cultural connotatns.Maḥmūd of Ghazna (rened ad 998–1030) was the first Muslim ruler to be called sultan by his contemporaries, and under the Seljuqs of Anatolia and Iran it became a regular title.